The Edwards Lab is in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University.
We are botanists and evolutionary biologists. We are inspired by the diverse ways in which plants look and act, and want to understand how this diversity has evolved. Phylogeny is at the heart of everything we do, and we are committed to the development of model clades for studying evolution. We also always try to think as integratively as possible, and keep the whole organism in mind as we dive into minutia. Currently we are focused on a couple of different lineages and questions.
The "Portullugo" is a clade of ~2200 species that live in a wide variety of habitats and are found on every continent, though they have a penchant for deserts and the high alpine (lucky us). The lineage includes well known groups such as the cacti, and less famous but equally wonderful plants like the Molluginaceae, the purslanes, lewisias, and the Didiereaceae.
We are especially interested in how C4 and CAM photosynthesis, two fairly complicated plant adaptations to low CO2, hot temperatures, and drought, have evolved so many times (~100s), mostly over the past 15 or so million years. We have worked on the C4 problem in grasses and are currently focusing our attention on C4 and CAM origins in the Portullugo, a lineage that holds a suprising number of both C4 and CAM plants.
Viburnum is a clade of ~165 species of woody shrubs and trees common in northern hemisphere forests, but they are also found in tropical Asia and montane forests throughout Central and South America. We are currently focused on using this lineage to study the evolution of leaf form and function, and in tropical-temperate biome transitions, but in reality we are pretty interested in every single thing about Viburnum.
Edwards lab members, past and present.
Postdoc
phylogenetic comparative methods; phylogenomics; plant ecophysiology
NSF Plant Genome Postdoc Fellow
genomic comparison, phylogenomics, metabolic trait evolution, and systems biology
Graduate Student
evolution of CAM photosynthesis; comparative phylogenetics; Portullugo.
Graduate Student
Montiaceae systematics; evolution of reproductive and life history strategies
Graduate Student
ecophysiology; evolution of plant tissues and traits; urban adaptation
Graduate Student
Plant anatomy, evolution and development; digital morphometrics and systematics
Lab manager
and research associate
post-bac research associate
climate niche evolution; species distribution models; Portullugo
Research Assistant
botanical illustration; mosses
Research Assistant
flora of Mt. Kinabalu; bananas
Lab Alums:
Haoran Zhou, post-doc (2019-2021)
Anthony Baniaga, post-doc (2019-2021)
Karolina Heyduk, post-doc (2018-2019)
Eric Goolsby, post-doc (2016-2018)
Zachary Lewis, post-doc (2016-2017)
Abigail Moore, post-doc (2013-2016)
Jurriaan de Vos, post-doc (2013-2015)
David Chatelet, post-doc (2010-2015)
Radika Bhaskar, post-doc (2011-2014)
Pascal-Antoine Christin, post-doc (2010-2012)
Monica Arakaki, post-doc (2009-2012)
Morgan Moeglein, grad student (2014-2021)
Lillian Hancock, grad student (2012-2017)
Laura Garrison, grad student (2010-2016)
Matt Ogburn, grad student (2007-2012)
Anthony Sarkiss, undergrad (2019-2021)
Haley Carter, undergrad (2014-2017)
Eric Kelosa-Kenyon, undergrad (2013-2015)
Regan Lichtenberg, undergrad (2013-2015)
Arisa Lohmeier, undergrad (2012-2014)
Joel Abraham, research technician (2018-2019)
Elizabeth Spriggs, undergrad and research technician (2008-2012)
Asya Rahlin, undergrad (2011-2012)
Alejandro Brambila, undergrad (2011-2012)
Sam Schmerler, undergrad (2008-2011)
Anne Williard, undergrad (2008-2009)
Cassidy Metcalf, undergrad (2007-2008)
Elissa Martin, research tech (2017-2018)
Kaya Schmandt, research tech (2008-2010)
This course has several, interrelated objectives. First, it serves as an introduction to the science of phylogenetics, providing an overview of both the theory and methodology involved in constructing phylogenetic trees, and how to use trees to study character and organismal evolution. For our second objective, we put this new framework to immediate use by using phylogeny to explore and illustrate 400 million years of land plant evolution. Bio43 examines major trends in plant evolution from functional, ecological, and biogeographical perspectives. Students will leave the class with a basic understanding of 1) phylogenetic theory and methods of studying character evolution, 2) plant anatomy and morphology, 3) evolutionary relationships among the major land plant clades (with emphasis on the flowering plants), and 4) major evolutionary trends that have significantly shaped the diversity of plant life that we see today. The third and most important objective is to instill in students the ability to look at any biological problem through the lens of "phylogeny-colored glasses"- a powerful way to examine the complexity of life that surrounds (and includes) us.
2015 syllabusThe primary aim of Bio 150 is to examine the role of the environment in shaping the anatomical, physiological, and ecological diversity of vascular plants. Lectures provide an overview of plant-environment interactions, focusing on anatomical and physiological adaptations of leaves, stems, and roots to different habitats. A comparative, phylogenetic approach is emphasized. This is a hybrid lecture/seminar course, where classes consist of both chalkboard lectures as well as discussions of articles from the primary literature. In addition, BIO 150 is designed to be a hands-on course, and lectures are viewed mostly as supplements to the semester-long greenhouse project that provides students with first-hand experience in measuring and interpreting plant functional traits. Students work on a set of group projects designed to test long-standing assumptions about the evolution and adaptive nature of certain plant traits. Projects will differ from year to year, but will be chosen by the professor based on outstanding questions in the current literature. Students will leave the class with a solid foundation both in plant functional ecology and in applying a phylogenetic comparative approach to studies of organismal biology. Furthermore, they will gather first hand experience in data collection, experimental design, data analysis, and the presentation of a scientific study.
2013 syllabusOur plant-y contributions to the Dunn Lab's creaturecast website. Animations about weird and beautiful plant life, (mostly) created by Brown undergrads enrolled in Bio43. All animations created under a creative commons license and freely available to use in any educational setting.
Holtum JAH, L Hancock, EJ Edwards, K Winter. 2021. CAM photosynthesis in desert blooming Cistanthe of the Atacama, Chile. Functional Plant Biology 48: 691-702. pdf
Baird AS, SH Taylor, J Pasquet-Kok, C Vuong, Y Zhang, T Watcharamongkol, C Scoffoni, EJ Edwards, PA Christin, CP Osborne, L Sack. 2021. Developmental basis for the worldwide climatic distribution of grass leaf size. Nature 592: 242-247. pdf
Landis MJ, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2021. Modeling phylogenetic biome shifts on a planet with a past. Systematic Biology 70: 86-107. pdf
Landis MJ, DAR Eaton, WL Clement, B Park, EL Spriggs, PW Sweeney, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2021. Joint phylogenetic estimation of geographic movements and biome shifts during the global diversification of Viburnum. Systematic Biology 70: 67-85. pdf
Moeglein MK, D Chatelet, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards. 2020. Evolutionary dynamics of genome size in a clade of woody plants. American Journal of Botany 107: 1527-1541. pdf
Griffith D, C Osborne, EJ Edwards, S Bachle, D Beerling, W Bond, T Gallaher, B Helliker, C Lehmann, L Leatherman, J Nippert, S Pau, F Qiu, W Riley, M Smith, C Stromberg, L Taylor, M Ungerer, CJ Still. 2020. Lineage functional types (LFTs): characterizing functional diversity to enhance the representation of ecological behavior in Earth Systems models. New Phytologist 228: 15-23. pdf
Nurk, N, P Linder, R Onstein, M Larcombe, C Hughes, L Fernandez, P Schluter, L Valente, C Beierkuhnlein, V Cutts, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards, R Field, S Flantua, S Higgins, A Jentsch, S Liede-Schumann, MD Pirie. 2020. Diversification in evolutionary arenas- assessment and synthesis. Ecology and Evolution 10: 6163-6182. pdf
Gilman I, EJ Edwards. CAM Photosynthesis. 2020. Current Biology 30: R57-R62. pdf
Ferrari RC, PP Bittencourt, MA Rodrigues, JJ Moreno-Villena, FRR Alves, VD Gastaldi, SF Boxall, LV Dever, D Demarco, SCS Andrade, EJ Edwards, J Hartwell, L Freschi. 2020. C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis within a single leaf: deciphering key components behind a rare photosynthetic adaptation. New Phytologist 225: 1699-1714. pdf
Ogburn RM, EJ Edwards. 2019. Celebrating a new Division of Botany at SICB: An introduction to the Integrative Plant Biology symposium. Integrative and Comparative Biology 59: 489-492. pdf
Hancock LP, JAM Holtum, EJ Edwards. 2019. The evolution of CAM photosynthesis in Australian Calandrinia reveals lability in C3+CAM phenotypes and a possible constraint to the evolution of strong CAM. Journal of Integrative and Comparative Biology 59: 517-534. pdf
Winter K, RF Sage, EJ Edwards, A Virgo, JAM Holtum. 2019. Facultative CAM in a C3-C4 intermediate. Journal of Experimental Botany 70: 6571-6579. pdf
Edwards EJ. 2019. Evolutionary trajectories, accessibility, and other metaphors: the case of C4 and CAM photosynthesis. Tansley Review, New Phytologist 223: 1742-1755. pdf
Spriggs EL, C Schlutius, DAR Eaton, B Park, P Sweeney, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2019. Differences in flowering time maintain species boundaries in a continental radiation of Viburnum. American Journal of Botany 106: 833-849. pdf
Heyduk K, JJ Moreno-Villena, I Gilman, PA Christin, EJ Edwards. 2019. The genetics of convergent evolution: insights from plant photosynthesis. Nature Reviews Genetics 20: 485-493. pdf
Donoghue MJ, EJ Edwards. 2019. Model clades are vital for comparative biology, and ascertainment bias is not a problem in practice – a response to Beaulieu and O’Meara. American Journal of Botany 106: 327-330. pdf
Spriggs EL, DAR Eaton, PW Sweeney, C Schlutiusgg, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2019. RADSeq data reveal a cryptic Viburnum species on the North American coastal plain. Systematic Biology 68: 187-203. pdf
Thiele KR, F Obbens, L Hancock, EJ Edwards, JG West. 2018. Proposal to conserve the name Parakeelya against Rumicastrum (Montiaceae). Taxon 67: 214-215. pdf
Olson ME, D Soriano, JA Rosell, T Anfodillo, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards, C Leon-Gomez, T Dawson, JJ Martinez, M Castorena, A Echeverria, CI Espinosa, A Fajardo, A Gazol, S Isnard, RS Lima, CR Marcati, R Mendz-Alonzo. 2018. Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 115: 7551-7556. pdf
Thulin M, A Larsson, EJ Edwards, AJ Moore. 2018. Phylogeny and systematics of Kewa (Kewaceae). Systematic Botany 43: 689-700.pdf
Hancock LP, F Obbens, AJ Moore, K Thiele, JM de Vos, J West, JAM Holtum, EJ Edwards. 2018. Phylogeny, evolution, and biogeographic history of Calandrinia (Montiaceae). American Journal of Botany 105: 1021-1034. pdf
Li M, H An, R Angelovici, C Bagaza, A Batushansky, L Clark, V Coneva, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards, D Fajardo, H Fang, MH Frank, T Gallaher, S Gebken, T Hill, S Jansky, B Kaur, PC Klahs, LL Klein, V Kuraparthy, J Londo, Z Migicovsky, A Miller, R Mohn, S Myles, CN Topp, A Van Deynze, K Zhang, L Zhu, BM Zink, DH Chitwood. 2018. Topological data analysis as a morphometric method: using persistent homology to demarcate a leaf morphospace. Frontiers in Plant Science 9:553. pdf
Goolsby EW, AJ Moore, LP Hancock, JM de Vos, EJ Edwards. 2018. Molecular evolution of key metabolic genes during transitions to C4 and CAM photosynthesis. American Journal of Botany 105: 602-613. pdf
Spriggs EL, S Schmerler, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2018. Leaf form varies along a shared axis across multiple scales in Viburnum. American Naturalist 191: 235-249. pdf
Moore AJ, JM de Vos, LP Hancock, E Goolsby, EJ Edwards. 2018. Targeted enrichment of large gene families for phylogenetic inference: phylogeny and molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes in the portullugo (Caryophyllales). Systematic Biology 67: 367-383. pdf
Holtum JAM, LP Hancock, EJ Edwards, K Winter. 2018. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) in the Basellaceae (Caryophyllales). Plant Biology 20: 409-414. pdf
Holtum JAM, LP Hancock, EJ Edwards, K Winter. 2017. Facultative CAM photosynthesis in four species of Calandrinia, ephemeral succulents of arid Australia. Photosynthesis Research 134: 17-25. pdf
Edwards EJ, DS Chatelet, B Chen, JY Ong, S Tagane, J Kanemitsu, K Tagawa, K Teramoto, B Park, KF Chung, JM Hu, T Yahara, MJ Donoghue. 2017. Convergence, consilience, and the evolution of temperate deciduous forests. American Naturalist 190: S87-S104. pdf
Obbens FJ, LP Hancock, EJ Edwards, KR Thiele. 2017. Calandrinia holtumii (Montiaceae), a new and unusual species from arid Western Australia. Nuytsia 28: 217-233. pdf
Dunning L, JJ Moreno-Villena, MR Lundgren, A Brautigam, EJ Edwards, P Nosil, CP Osborne, PA Christin. 2017. Reticulate evolution facilitated the recurrent emergence of C4 photosynthesis within closely related species. Evolution 71: 1541-1555. pdf
Holtum JAM, LP Hancock, EJ Edwards, K Winter. 2017. Optional use of CAM photosynthesis in two C4 species, Portulaca cyclophylla and Portulaca dignya. Journal of Plant Physiology 214: 91-96. pdf
Edwards EJ, DS Chatelet, EL Spriggs, ES Johnson, C Schlutius, MJ Donoghue. 2017. Correlation, causation, and the evolution of leaf teeth: A reply to Givnish and Kriebel. American Journal of Botany 104: 509-515. pdf
Forrestel EJ, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards, W Jetz, JCO du Toit, MD Smith. 2017. Different clades and traits yield similar grassland functional responses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114: 705-710. pdf
Barish S, M Arakaki, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue, WL Clement. 2016. Characterization of 16 microsatellite markers for the Oreinotinus clade of Viburnum (Adoxaceae). Applications in Plant Sciences 4: 1600103. pdf
Thulin M, AJ Moore, H El-Seedi, A Larsson, PA Christin, EJ Edwards. 2016. Phylogeny and generic delimitation in Molluginaceae, new pigment data in Caryophyllales, and the new family Corbichoniaceae. Taxon 65: 775-793. pdf
Edwards EJ, EL Spriggs, D Chatelet, MJ Donoghue. 2016. Unpacking a century old mystery: winter buds and the latitudinal gradient in leaf form. American Journal of Botany 103: 975-978. pdf
Scoffoni C, D Chatelet, J Pasquet-Kok, M Rawls, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards, L Sack. 2016. Hydraulic basis for the evolution of photosynthetic productivity. Nature Plants 2: 16072. pdf
Bhaskar R, S Porder, P Balvanera, EJ Edwards. 2016. Ecological and evolutionary variation in community nitrogen use traits during tropical dry forest secondary succession. Ecology 97: 1194-1206. pdf
Holtum JAC, L Hancock, EJ Edwards, M Crisp, D Crayn, R Sage, K Winter. 2016. Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)? Current Opinion in Plant Biology 31: 109-117. pdf
Ogburn RM, EJ Edwards. 2015. Life history lability underlies rapid climate niche evolution in the angiosperm clade Montiaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 92: 181-192. pdf
Yang X, JC Cushman, AM Borland, EJ Edwards, and 47 others. 2015. A roadmap for research on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to enhance sustainable food and bioenergy production in a hotter, drier world. New Phytologist 207: 491-504. pdf
Edwards EJ, JM de Vos, MJ Donoghue. 2015. Brief Communications Arising: Doubtful pathways to cold tolerance in plants. Nature 521, doi:10.1038/nature14393. pdf
Spriggs EA, WL Clement, PW Sweeney, S Madrinan, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2015. Temperate radiations and dying embers of a tropical past: the diversification of Viburnum. New Phytologist 207: 340-354. pdf
Christin PA, M Arakaki, CP Osborne, EJ Edwards. 2015. Genetic enablers underlying the clustered evolutionary origins of C4 photosynthesis in angiosperms. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32: 846-858. pdf
Donoghue MJ, EJ Edwards. 2014. Biome shifts and niche evolution in plants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45: 547-572. pdf
Gao L, EJ Edwards, Y Zeng, Y Huang. 2014. Major evolutionary trends in hydrogen isotope fractionation of vascular plant leaf waxes. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112610. pdf
Edwards EJ. 2014. The inevitability of C4 photosynthesis. eLife 3:e03702. pdf
Howison M, F Zapata, EJ Edwards, CW Dunn. 2014. Bayesian genome assembly and assessment by markov chain monte carlo sampling. PLoS ONE 9(6): e99497. pdf
Clement WL, M Arakaki, PW Sweeney, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2014. A chloroplast tree for Viburnum and its implications for phylogenetic classification and character evolution. American Journal of Botany 101: 1029-1049. pdf
Christin PA, M Arakaki, CP Osborne, A Brautigam, RF Sage, JM Hibberd, S Kelly, S Covshoff, GKS Wong, L Hancock, EJ Edwards. 2014. Shared origins of a key enzyme during the evolution of C4 and CAM metabolism. Journal of Experimental Botany 65: 3609-3621.pdf
Hancock L, EJ Edwards. 2014. Phylogeny and the inference of evolutionary trajectories. Journal of Experimental Botany 65: 3491-3498. pdf
Spriggs EL, PA Christin, EJ Edwards. 2014. C4 photosynthesis promoted species diversification during the Miocene grassland expansion. PLoS ONE 9(5):e97722. pdf
Edwards EJ, DS Chatelet, L Sack, MJ Donoghue. 2014. Leaf life span and the leaf economic spectrum in the context of whole plant architecture. Journal of Ecology 102: 328-336. pdf
Christin PA, E Spriggs, CP Osborne, CAE Stromberg, N Salamin, EJ Edwards. 2014. Molecular dating, evolutionary rates, and the age of the grasses. Systematic Biology 63: 153-165. pdf
Still CJ, S Pau, EJ Edwards. 2014. Land surface skin temperature captures thermal environments of C3 and C4 grasses. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23: 286-296. pdf
Christin PA, SF Boxall, R Gregory, EJ Edwards, J Hartwell, CP Osborne. 2013. Parallel recruitment of multiple genes into C4 photosynthesis. Genome Biology and Evolution 5: 2174-2187. pdf
Chatelet DS, WL Clement, L Sack, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards. 2013. The evolution of photosynthetic anatomy in Viburnum (Adoxaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 174: 1277-1291.pdf
Edwards EJ, MJ Donoghue. 2013. Is it easy to move and easy to evolve? Evolutionary accessibility and adaptation. Journal of Experimental Botany 64: 4047-4052. pdf
Ogburn RM, EJ Edwards. 2013. Repeated origin of three-dimensional leaf venation releases constraints on the evolution of succulence in plants. Current Biology 23: 722-726. pdf
Christin, PA, CP Osborne, DS Chatelet, JT Columbus, G Besnard, TR Hodkinson, LM Garrison, MS Vorontsova, EJ Edwards. 2013. Anatomical enablers and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis in grasses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 110: 1381-1386. pdf
Pau S, EJ Edwards, CS Still. 2013. Improving our understanding of environmental controls on the distribution of C3 and C4 grasses. Global Change Biology 19: 184-196. pdf
Christin PA, MJ Wallace, H Clayton, EJ Edwards, RT Furbank, PW Hattersley, RF Sage, TD Macfarlane, M Ludwig. 2012. Multiple photosynthetic transitions, polyploidy, and lateral gene transfer in the grass subtribe Neurachninae. Journal of Experimental Botany 63: 6297-6308. pdf
Schmerler S, W Clement, J Beaulieu, D Chatelet, L Sack, MJ Donoghue, EJ Edwards. 2012. Evolution of leaf form correlates with temperate/tropical transitions in Viburnum. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 279: 3905-3913. pdf
Liu H, EJ Edwards, R Freckleton, CP Osborne. 2012. Phylogenetic niche conservatism in C4 grasses. Oecologia 170: 835-845. pdf
Ogburn RM, EJ Edwards. 2012. Quantifying succulence: a rapid, physiologically meaningful measure of plant water storage. Plant, Cell and Environment 35: 1533-1542. pdf
Feild T, EJ Edwards. 2012. Celebrating giant steps toward a synthetic history of angiosperm evolution. Special issue of International Journal of Plant Sciences 173: 599-560. pdf
Edwards EJ, RM Ogburn. 2012. Angiosperm responses to a low CO2 world: CAM and C4 photosynthesis as parallel evolutionary trajectories. Special issue of International Journal of Plant Sciences 173: 724-733. pdf
Christin PA, EJ Edwards, G Besnard, SF Boxall, R Gregory, EA Kellogg, J Hartwell, CP Osborne. 2012. Adaptive evolution of C4 photosynthesis through recurrent lateral gene transfer. Current Biology 22: 445-449. pdf
Christin PA, G Besnard, EJ Edwards, N Salamin. 2012. Effect of genetic convergence on phylogenetic inference. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62: 921-927. pdf
Grass Phylogeny Working Group II. 2012. New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C4 origins. New Phytologist 193: 304-312. pdf
Taylor SH, PJ Franks, SP Hulme, E Spriggs, PA Christin, EJ Edwards, FI Woodward, CP Osborne. 2012. Photosynthetic pathway and ecologial adaptation explain stomatal trait diversity amongst grasses. New Phytologist 193: 387-396. pdf
Sage RF, PA Christin, EJ Edwards. 2011. C4 plant lineages of planet Earth. Special issue of Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 3155-3169. pdf
Christin, PA, CP Osborne, RF Sage, M Arakaki, EJ Edwards. 2011. C4 eudicots are not younger than C4 monocots. Special issue of Journal of Experimental Botany 62: 3171-3181. pdf
Arakaki M, PA Christin, A Lendel, R Nyffeler, U Eggli, RM Ogburn, E Spriggs, M Moore, EJ Edwards. 2011. Recent and contemporaneous radiations of the worlds succulent plant lineages. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 108: 8379-8384. pdf
Christin PA, T Sage, EJ Edwards, RM Ogburn, R Khoshravish, RF Sage. 2011. Complex evolutionary transitions and the significance of C3-C4 intermediate forms of photosynthesis in Molluginaceae. Evolution 65: 643-660. pdf
Ogburn RM, EJ Edwards. 2010. The ecological water-use strategies of succulent plants. invited review, Advances in Botanical Research 55: 179-255. pdf
Davis CC, EJ Edwards, MJ Donoghue. 2010. A clade's eye view of global climate change. in M. A. Bell, D. J. Futuyma, W. F. Eanes, and J. S. Levinton, eds. Evolution since Darwin: the first 150 years. pp. 623-627. Sinauer, Sunderland, Massachusetts. pdf
Edwards EJ*, CO Osborne*, CAE Stromberg*, SA Smith and the C4 Grasses Consortium. 2010. The origins of C4 grasslands: integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. Science 328: 587-591. pdf Supplemental material. *indicates equal authorship
Edwards EJ, SA Smith. 2010. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the shady history of C4 grasses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 107: 2532-2537. pdf Supplemental material
Haberle RC, A Dang, T Lee, C Penaflor, H Cortes-Burns, A Oestreich, L Raubeson, N Cellinese, EJ Edwards, ST Kim, WMM Eddie, RK Jansen. 2009. Taxonomic and biogeographic implications of a phylogenetic analysis of the Campanulaceae based on three chloroplast genes. Taxon 58: 715-734.
Cellinese N, SA Smith, EJ Edwards, ST Kim, RC Haberle, MJ Donoghue. 2009. Historical biogeography of the endemic Campanulaceae of Crete. Journal of Biogeography 36: 1253-1269. pdf
Edwards EJ. 2009. The Great Cacti: Ethnobotany and Biogeography, by David Yetman. Quarterly Review of Biology 83: 00-00.
Ogburn RM and EJ Edwards. 2009. Anatomical variation in the closest relatives of cacti: trait lability and evolutionary innovation. American Journal of Botany 96: 391-408. pdf
Nyffeler R, U Eggli, RM Ogburn, EJ Edwards. 2008. Variations on a theme: repeated evolution of succulent life forms in the Portulacineae. invited paper, Haseltonia 14: 26-36. pdf
Butterworth CA, EJ Edwards. 2008. Investigating Pereskia and the earliest divergences in Cactaceae. invited paper, Haseltonia 14: 46-53. pdf
Edwards EJ, CJ Still. 2008. Climate, phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C4 grasses. Ecology Letters 11: 266-276. pdf
Edwards EJ, CJ Still, MJ Donoghue. 2007. The relevance of phylogeny to studies of global climate change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 22: 243-249. pdf
Edwards EJ. 2006. Correlated evolution of stem and leaf hydraulic traits in Pereskia (Cactaceae). New Phytologist 172: 479-489.pdf
Edwards EJ, MJ Donoghue. 2006. Pereskia and the origin of the cactus life form. American Naturalist 167: 777-793. pdf
Edwards EJ, M Diaz. 2006. Ecological physiology of Pereskia guamacho, a cactus with leaves. Plant Cell and Environment 29: 247-256 pdf
Riedel SM, EH Epstein, DA Walker, DL Richardson, MP Calef, EJ Edwards, A Moody. 2005. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of vegetation properties among four tundra plant communities at Ivotuk, Alaska, USA. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 37: 25-33. pdf
Edwards EJ, R Nyffeler, MJ Donoghue. 2005. Basal cactus phylogeny: implications of Pereskia paraphyly for the transition to the cactus life form. American Journal of Botany 92 (7): 1177-1188. pdf
Brodribb TJ, NM Holbrook, EJ Edwards, MV Gutierrez. 2003. Relations between stomatal closure, leaf turgor and xylem vulnerability in eight tropical dry forest trees. Plant Cell and Environment 26: 443-450. pdf
Walker DA, HE Epstein, JG Jia, A Balsar, CD Copass, EJ Edwards, WA Gould, J Hollingsworth, J Knudson, HA Maier, A Moody, MK Reynolds. 2003. Phytomass, LAI and NDVI in northern Alaska: relationships to summer warmth, soil pH, plant functional types, and extrapolation to the circumpolar Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 108 (D2): 8169 doi:10.1029/2001JD000986.
Bell CD, EJ Edwards, ST Kim, MJ Donoghue. 2001. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Harvard Papers in Botany 6: 481-499. pdf